CSS box-shadow Can Slow Down Scrolling

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Working on one of the Chromebooks Google lets you borrow on Virgin America flights, I noticed scrolling down the page on my airbnb.com dashboard was much slower than on my normal laptop. I chalked it up to weak Chromebook hardware, but other sites were scrolling just fine. box-shadow had caused slow scrolling on our search results page before, so I did some investigation.

I used Chrome's Timeline tab to see the duration of paint events on the page. Before each test I forced a garbage collection and scrolled to the same window position using window.scroll(0, 140). Then I clicked the down arrow in the scroll bar twice, a 40px-scroll per click, and recorded the paint times.

10px box-shadow blur-radius

(original stylesheet value)
= 3 paint events per 40px scroll
Paint area size (px x px)Paint event duration (ms)
1260 x 436 122
1260 x 399 115
1260 x 399 109
1260 x 423 123
1260 x 400 117

To see if box-shadow was slowing down scrolling, I cut the blur-radius in half. The scrolling was far smoother, and the numbers showed why: paint events were taking half as long, which meant more paint events per time period.

5px box-shadow blur-radius

= 3-4 paints per 40px scroll
Paint area size (px x px)Paint event duration (ms)
1260 x 399 58
1260 x 423 59
1260 x 412 59
1260 x 399 56
1260 x 407 61
1260 x 418 66

Since box-shadow was the obvious offender, I tried taking it out entirely.

0px box-shadow blur radius

= 2 extra paint events in the same amount of time, much smoother scrolling
Paint area size (px x px)Paint event duration (ms)
1260 x 399 28
1260 x 410 29
1260 x 411 31
1260 x 410 31
1260 x 400 32
1260 x 399 28
1260 x 410 27
1260 x 411 40
1260 x 411 49
1260 x 399 46
And then I set it to something huge. The Chromebook did not like painting a 300px blur-radius. It took 2 full seconds of paint time per scroll arrow click!

300px box-shadow blur radius

= SO SLOW!

Paint area size (px x px)Paint event duration (ms)
1260 x 418 943
1260 x 418 937
1260 x 399 962
1260 x 437 1000 (a full second!)

Final Product Changes

We dropped the blur-radius for the boxes on airbnb.com/dashboard to 3px and added a 3px offset to get a cleaner look that didn't tear up performance for devices with less processing power.

3px-blur-radius

After (3px blur-radius, 3px offset)
box-shadow: 0 3px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15);

10px-blur-radius

Before (10px blur)
box-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15);

Why is this important? I have like 3 Chromebook visitors.

Your Chromebook audience is probably pretty small, but Chrome is built on WebKit just like the iOS and Android browsers. If CSS is hurting performance on a Chromebook it's likely hurting it for mobile WebKit users visiting your full site too. 

In case you try this at home, this is the Chromebook I was using: Google Chrome 14.0.835.204, Platform 811.154